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Scotland Magazine author James Irvine RobertsonThe great departureDuring the 18th century, thousands of Scots left their homeland for a new life in America. James Irvine Robertson finds out why. History is never as simple as one would like. The English did not beat the Scots at the Battle of Culloden, nor did the Campbells slaughter the MacDonalds at Glencoe. And the Highland Clearances, still an emotive subject to millions of Scots and their descendants, were not always quite as they have ... Scotland History from Issue 36 published on 14/12/2007 Clan ColquhounJames Irvine Robertson turns his attention to another of Scotland's families. Sitting west of Loch Lomond, Scotland’s largest, and many say most beautiful loch, is an interesting egg-shaped piece of land bounded on the west by Gairloch and Loch Long. Most of this land belongs to the Luss Estate which has been owned by the Colquhouns since 1368, when the heiress to Luss fell ... Scotland Clans from Issue 36 published on 14/12/2007 The Earls of ArgyllJames Irvine Robertson looks at the dramatic history of the noble Campbells Every Highlander knows that the greatest of all Scottish clans is their own. Many of us are prepared to concede that Clan Donald has had its moments. And what we think of the Campbells is really best left unsaid in a family magazine such as this - which is grossly unfair. The Campbells are unpopula... Scottish History from Issue 35 published on 15/11/2007 The most ancient earldom in ScotlandJames Irvine Robertson turns his attention to the Clan Sutherland, one of the country’s most ancient (and notorious) clans Like all clans, the Sutherlands have had their ups and downs. For the best part of two centuries, they were cadets of the Gordons. The horrors of the Sutherland Clearances are part of the folklore of the Highlands, spread around the world by those forced from their homes. And yet, Lord President Fo... Scottish Clans from Issue 35 published on 15/11/2007 The battle of Stirling BridgeJames Irvine Robertson describes the battle of Stirling Bridge and Wallace’s legendary defeat over the English One of the problems about early Scottish history is the lack of sources. Edward I deliberately removed and destroyed most of the records that existed before the 14th century. Those that survived were taken by Oliver Cromwell and, at the Restoration, the ships carrying them back north sank. Thus the... Scottish History from Issue 34 published on 30/08/2007 Cummings and goingsThis issue, James Irvine Robertson turns the spotlight on the Clan Cummings In 1268 David de Strathbogie, the 9th Earl of Atholl, went on a crusade – he died in Tunis the following year. His absence gave his northern neighbour, Comyn of Badenoch, a chance to encroach into Atholl and build a stronghold, Cummings Tower, and this still lies at the heart of Blair Castle. This ... Scottish Clans from Issue 34 published on 30/08/2007 The first Highland chargeThis issue, James Irvine Robertson looks at the bloody history that surrounds Sir David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford, and the battle at Glasclune April 23, 1390, the Feast of St George, was a fine sunny day. The windows of the houses lining old London Bridge were packed with spectators. Pennants and multicoloured awnings fluttered in the gentle breeze and a grandstand, ‘a summer castle,’ had been erected for King Richard and the ladies of hi... Scottish History from Issue 33 published on 22/06/2007 A noble and ancient family (Sinclairs)James Irvine Robertson looks at the history of the Sinclairs, a clan with its roots deep in the soil of Scottish history The origin of the Sinclairs, in the male line at least, is conventional enough. The first of the family was said to be a kinsman of William of Normandy and came over with him to acquire England in 1066. This progenitor took his name from St Clair sur Epte, a village heavily contested in the days f... Scottish Clans from Issue 33 published on 22/06/2007 Lord George and the last siege in BritainJames Irvine Robertson looks at one of Scotland’s greatest military leaders In September 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart made Lord George Murray a Lieutenant General. The second Jacobite Rising was a couple of months old, and the little rebel army had entered Perth. Lord George was in his 50s with little military training or experience and had been living peacefully on ... Scottish History from Issue 32 published on 13/04/2007 A clan of impeccable pedigree (Clan Macpherson)James Irvine Robertson looks at the history of the Clan Macpherson Are there national characteristics? Certainly Sassenachs (English or Lowland Scots) used to think that Highlanders were different from themselves and one of those differences was that the Teuchter (Highland Scot) was always droning on about his ancestors. The main reason for this perception was th... Scottish Clans from Issue 32 published on 13/04/2007 The life of King James IVThis issue, James Irvine Robertson looks at the history of James IV, the man responsible for the creation of the Kingdom of Scotland When one considers Scottish institutions, the Conservative Party does not immediately spring to mind. Today it fields but a single minister of parliament from a Scots constituency in the House of Commons, although as recently as 1955 it, uniquely, managed to obtain more than half the Scottish votes... Scottish History from Issue 31 published on 16/02/2007 With a strong hand (Clan MacKay)James Irvine Robertson reveals the history of the once powerful Clan MacKay You were a Clan Chief who owed money. So what? The traditional way to deal with a dun was to welcome him, show him a gibbet, and say that the strawstuffed effigy swinging there was the last debt collector who had the temerity to ask for payment. If that did not make him run away, then your clansmen... Scottish Clans from Issue 31 published on 16/02/2007 Written in the blood (Auld Alliance)The Auld Alliance was an ancient series of treaties that allied Scotland and France against their mutual enemy. James Irvine Robertson reports ‘Gardy loo’ was the famous shout from the upper floors of the Edinburgh tenements. It behoved the pedestrian to be quick on their feet, as it presaged a shower of effluent from a chamber pot onto the street below. In the taverns they burned brown paper to counter the stench. The shout was actually ... Scottish History from Issue 30 published on 01/12/2006 To conquer or die (Macdougal)James Irvine Robertson turns his attention to one of the oldest clans in Scotland, the clan Macdougall Son of the Black Stranger is the meaning of Macdougall. It is doubtful whether the original of the clan was that dark and he was certainly not that strange since his family had been amongst the most powerful in Scotland for generations. He was a descendant of Somerled the Viking, progenitor of the ... Scottish Clans from Issue 30 published on 01/12/2006 Under the great dictatorThis issue James Irvine Robertson looks at a dark chapter of Scotland’s history Indomitable Scotland. For century after century it fought off its vastly more powerful neighbour to the south. In 1603, her Stuart kings took the throne of Great Britain, uniting the four nations of Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales under one monarch, but it took more than another century before... Scottish History from Issue 29 published on 25/10/2006 Virtue mine honour (Clan Maclean)This issue James Irvine Robertson considers the Clan Maclean Although the usual fanciful pedigrees locates the clan originally 150 miles north east at Glen Urquhart in Moray, the Macleans are from the west coast island of Mull. Gillean of the Battle-Axe, the first of the clan on record, fought against the Vikings in 1263 on the beach at Largs on the occasion... Scottish Clans from Issue 29 published on 25/10/2006 A golden opportunity missedJames Irvine Robertson The Jacobite Rising of 1715 Everyone has heard of the 1745 Jacobite Rising and Bonnie Prince Charlie, but the 1715 Jacobite Rising is much less understood. And it even seemed to baffle people at the time, because it should have succeeded, in Scotland at least. The historical sources are far less forthcoming than might be expec... Scottish History from Issue 28 published on 20/09/2006 Sons of grace (Clan MacRae)In this issue, James Irvine Robertson studies the Clan MacRae If you were one of the world’s richest potentates and wanted to buy a Scottish estate, you would, presumably want it to have the requisite number of salmon, grouse, and stags. You would probably also want your holiday home to be set in the most beautiful part of this most beautiful country. And tha... Scottish Clans from Issue 28 published on 20/09/2006 The greatest fraud of all?James Irvine Robertsonon the strange but highly lucrative case of James Macpherson Culloden was the last battle to be fought on British soil. After centuries of trying to integrate the alien and barbaric culture that had clung on in the north for so long into mainstream Scottish life, it was finally destroyed and could be forgotten. A few romantics clung on to the myth of the her... Scottish History from Issue 27 published on 09/06/2006 A bloody clan co-operative (Clan Chattan)Clan Chattan is a coalition of small clans from the Highlands. James Irvine Robertson Clan Chattan (pronounced ‘Hattan’) – the Clan of the Cats – is unique. It is not just one clan, but a coalition of more than a dozen occupying the central Highlands and who acknowledged the chief of the Mackintoshes as their Captain. But it was only a matter of time before the Macphersons challenge... Scottish Clans from Issue 27 published on 09/06/2006 The Lady of LawersJames Irvine Robertson on a prophet with a pretty good track record The Brahan Seer is the best known of the Highland prophets, those folk who often considered themselves cursed by having the power of foretelling the future. This is strange because one would have expected him to lose most of his glen cred when he failed to predict that Lady Seaforth would burn him ... Scottish History from Issue 26 published on 21/04/2006 At the core of history (Clan Drummond)In the latest in our series James Irvine Robertson looks at Clan Drummond Most clans have two origins; one in history and one in legend. The latter says that the Drummond family was founded by Maurice, grandson of the King of Hungary, who captained the ship whose passengers included the family of Prince Edgar, claimant to the throne of England. Edgar was usurped by King H... Scottish Clans from Issue 26 published on 21/04/2006 A lament for KillicrankieIt was one of Scotland’s bloodiest conflicts but Killicrankie is often forgotten today. James Irvine Robertson reports King James VII of Scotland and II of Great Britain was Catholic. His father Charles I had been found guilty of tyranny and decapitated in 1649 but the son believed himself to be the divinely appointed absolute ruler of the realm. He busied himself appointing Catholics to positions of political powe... Scottish History from Issue 25 published on 17/02/2006 Warriors loyal and true (Munro)The history of the Munro clan includes tales of witchcraft and strange rental payments. James Irvine Robertson reports One of the surprising aspects of Highland clans is their variability. Some clans descended from Picts; others from French mercenaries. Some clan leaders were national figures who guided the destiny of the Nation. Other chiefs led little more than robber gangs who preyed upon the cattle of their ne... Scottish Clans from Issue 25 published on 17/02/2006 The most famous FillanThere have been 16 Saint Fillans. James Irvine Robertson recalls the eighth century one According to Saints of Scotland, a list of those important to the spiritual life of Scotland, there are 16 saints named Fillan. They were all priests of the Celtic Church which operated in Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, Ireland and Scotland centuries before St Augustine came from Rome to convert the En... Scottish History from Issue 24 published on 05/01/2006 On a historical Roller coaster (Clan MacNab)James Irvine Robertson looks at the history of Clan MacNab Land charters are the skeletons on which much Highland history is based. In them you can find out who owned what, from when and, usually, who your ancestors were. The witnesses to such charters can also reveal who was up and who was down. Few clans have a more colourful story than the MacNabs but, ... Scottish Clans from Issue 24 published on 05/01/2006 Many strings to their bowsScots grandees have a number of ceremonial roles based on history. One of the most prestigious is based around its pursuit of fine archery. James Irvine Robertson reports Scots grandees can be the Lord Lieutenant, the Queen’s representative in their county. Or they can be one of the 20 or so deputy lieutenants who back these up. All wear magnificent uniforms. Less formally, they can be High Constables of Edinburgh, of the Palace of Holyroodhouse, of Leith, of Perth ... Scottish History from Issue 23 published on 14/10/2005 Holding sway around the Tay (Menzies)In the latest in our series on clans, James I Robertson looks at the Menzies Land was at the foundation of the wealth and power of the clans of Scotland. But Highland land today and for many years past has yielded precious little. If a clan today has a chief still living in his castle with smiling estates around it, then his forebears must have married money or one of them ... Scottish Clans from Issue 23 published on 14/10/2005 A tale of two kingdomsJames Irvine Robertson delves deep in to history to explain the fundamental cultural divisions of Scotland The great cultural division in Scotland was once Pict and Scot. It lasted for some three and a half centuries and is forgotten. Asimilar gulf, now virtually petered out after lasting somewhat longer was, in the language of one of them, Gael v Gall. The Gall were the southerners, the sassenachs spea... Scottish History from Issue 22 published on 10/08/2005 A complex clan (Clan Fraser)In this issue James Irvine Robertson looks at Clan Fraser There is a senior and a secondary branch of Clan Fraser, whose chief is Lady Saltoun, with the 18th Lord Lovat chief of the cadet clan, the Frasers of Lovat. The progenitor of both families, a de Frisselle, originated in France, and was one of those knights who came to England to make themselves for... Scottish Clans from Issue 22 published on 10/08/2005 Murder most horridThe Appin Murder still resonates more than 250 years after it happened. James Irvine Robertson explains why 1752 – Culloden was six years ago. The old culture was crushed, the rebel leaders dead or in exile, and their estates confiscated. It should have been all over but rumours were rife of another impending landing by Prince Charles in the Highlands. Spies had reported to the government that he had sli... Scottish History from Issue 21 published on 10/07/2005 Northern warriors (Clan MacLeod)James Irvine Robertson looks at the durability of Clan MacLeod As had been known since time immemorial, the MacLeods are of Norse origin and descend from Leod, son of Olave, brother of Magnus, the last king of Manthe, King of Man. A few mavericks believed that the clan rose from the indigenous peoples of the west, and recent DNAtesting of clan members gives a ... Scottish Clans from Issue 21 published on 10/07/2005 A call to armsHeraldry was the way you identified yourself in battle. James Irvine Robertson looks at its significance Heraldry is about who you are. In the midst of battle a thousand or more years ago, it was no use putting on a name tag because only priests could read and not many of them were fighting. It was no use relying on your face being recognised because you had a helmet over your head and, besides, few k... Scottish History from Issue 20 published on 10/04/2005 Great clansmen (Cameron)The Cameron clan comes under the spotlight in this issue. James Irvine Robertson reports The image of a clansman is recognised across the world as personifying Scotland. No other country, particularly a small northern European country, has a similarly powerful symbol of its nationhood. The reality has not existed for 250 years and it is a tribute to the colourful blend of romance, hono... Scottish Clans from Issue 20 published on 10/04/2005 The wild world of the original cowboysCattle droving was a core part of Highland life and drovers lived a tough and hardy lifestyle. James Irvine Robertson reports For centuries cattle were the only product of the Highlands that anybody wanted and the only product that generated cash. The animals were the ancestors of today’s Highland cattle, but much smaller. A bull might weigh 250lbs – a modern beef bull can weigh 2,000lbs. The most humble tenant might own ... Scottish History from Issue 19 published on 20/3/2005 Clan at the cutting edge of history (Murray)James Irvine Robertson looks at the history of the clan Murray King David I (1084-1155) was sent to the English court when he was 11 (his sister, Princess Matilda of Scotland, had married the English King Henry I in 1100). When David inherited the throne of Scotland from his brother in 1124, he returned north with a remarkable group of men whose fathers and gra... Scottish Clans from Issue 19 published on 20/3/2005 Sinclair's snapshot of a nationJames Irvine Robertson on Sir John Sinclair and The Statistical Account of Scotland Even within the memory of man, the past is foggy. Go back before the creation of modern media of record and historians struggle to interpret the facts that survive, let alone the motivation of those that recorded them. In Scotland we have one great work which illuminates the lives of the entire popu... Scottish History from Issue 18 published on 8/1/2005 The great survivors (MacGregors)No clan has suffered more than the MacGregors. But as James Irvine Robertson reports, it has survived and is flourishing That the clan survives is astonishing, that it flourishes even more so, for its history and the record of oppression against it is unique in the Highlands, and dreadful. For two and a half centuries they were persecuted. At times the name was banned; anyone who killed a MacGregor was entitled to hi... Scottish Clans from Issue 18 published on 8/1/2005 No compromiseJames Irvine Robertson on the struggles of the Covenanters The Covenanters are not in the conventional mould of Scottish heroes. There’s no romance here, just hard people willing to fight and die for a hard religion that eschewed symbolism – no Easter, no Christmas, no altars, no crucifixes. Theirs was the God of Calvin. The Word of God was in the New Test... Scottish History from Issue 17 published on 29/11/2004 A clan spanning the generations (Robertsons of Clan Donnachaidh)In the latest of his series, James Irvine Robertson looks at his own clan name – one of the oldest families in Scotland THE Robertsons of Clan Donnachaidh are the oldest family in Scotland, said the Historiographer Royal W.F. Skene in the middle of the 19th century. Since every family is as old as every other one, this is Victorian shorthand for the family that can trace its origins back the furthest. And Clan Donna... Scottish Clans from Issue 17 published on 29/11/2004 Shrouded in mystery and farce...The Gowrie Conspiracy is one of the stranger incidents in Scottish history. James Irvine Robertson tries to make sense of the event, which happened more than 400 years ago On August 6th 1600, 34 year old King James VI was staying at Falkland Palace some 14 miles from Perth. Up early in the morning, he and his retinue were going to hunt deer. They went to the stables to saddle up. The king had his foot in the stirrup when the Master of Ruthven, brother to the Earl of G... Scottish History from Issue 16 published on 15/9/2004 The clan of the gods? (Mackenzies)In the latest in our series on great clans of Scotland James Irvine Robertson considers the Mackenzies In England the aristocracy, if grand enough, may be able to claim some ancestor who came over in 1066 with William the Conqueror. The Highland clans routinely trace back another 500 years to the kings of Dalriada or Columba and thence back to the kings of Ireland. But the Mackenzies reckon they can ... Scottish Clans from Issue 16 published on 15/9/2004 The Darien disasterJames Irvine Robertson looks at one of the worst misjudgements in Scotland’s commercial and economic history There are only eight Commandments in Scotland as there is nothing to covet or steal ran the grim jest in London at the end of the 17th century. After James VII abandoned his throne to the Protestant William of Orange in 1688, there followed dreadful years of want north of the border – King William’s... Scottish History from Issue 15 published on 18/7/2004 The most royal of families (Stewarts)In the latest in our series on the great clans of Scotland James Irvine Robertson looks at the Stewarts The historic House of Stewart takes its name from the medieval office of hereditary Great Steward of Scotland, a title which is still held by their descendant in the female line, H.R.H. Prince Charles. Before they came to Britain 1,000 ago, members of the family were noble Bretons, hereditary Stewa... Scottish Clans from Issue 15 published on 18/7/2004 One of our greatest 'whodunnits'James Irvine Robertson looks at the strange case of Lord Darnley - King Henry - who was a victim of political intrigue and murder It was such a pity that neither Mary of Scotland nor Elizabeth of England had been born a man. Everyone knew theirs would have been a match made in heaven as well as on earth. Both queens regretted it, and so did their advisers for in the 16th century queens needed husbands, not only to produce an ... Scottish History from Issue 14 published on 2/5/2004 Bravest hearts of them all? (The Campbells)James Irvine Robertson continues his series on the great clans of Scotland. This issue:The Campbells In 1822, the great Highland historian David Stewart of Garth wrote: “It is rather humiliating for those who have made politics their sole study to find that no less art, sagacity, address and courage has been displayed in the petty contests of illiterate mountaineers, than in their most refined sche... Scottish Clans from Issue 14 published on 2/5/2004 Totally torn in twoThe 'disruption' saw Scotland's Kirk split for more than 85 years. James Irvine Robertson explains why it happened. The free kirk, the wee kirk, the kirk without the steeple; the auld kirk,the cauld kirk, the kirk without the people. In 1603, James VI inherited the English throne. The monarchy left Edinburgh for London for good. Parliament followed in 1707. Scottish national identity coalesced around the two rem... Scottish History from Issue 13 published on 25/3/2004 Lord of the isles (Donald)In the first in a new series on the great clans of Scotland James Irvine Robertson traces the history of the dominant clan Donald The story of Clan Donald is the history of the Highlands. Other clans have had their moments but, for generation after generation, Clan Donald was pre-eminent. Their chiefs were Lords of the Isles, independent of Scotland with diplomatic links to the courts of Europe. It took nearly a millennium bef... Scottish Clans from Issue 13 published on 25/3/2004 A bloody end to an uprisingCulloden stands out as a defining moment in Scottish history. James Irvine Robertson looks back There have been far bloodier battlefields than the nondescript stretch of moorland a few miles east of Inverness called Culloden. But stand there amid the flapping banners from where the Highlanders began their final charge towards the immaculate lines of redcoats and even the most hard-boiled is a... Scottish History from Issue 12 published on 19/1/2004 The Massacre of GlencoeMUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN AND SAID ABOUT GLENCOE BUT WHAT ACTUALLY Truth often loses out to myth. Myth is more simple, and better at rousing the emotions. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the Massacre of Glencoe in 1692, when the Campbells treacherously fell upon the Macdonalds of Glencoe and slaughtered them, man, woman and child. But it wasn’t quite like tha... Scottish History from Issue 11 published on 17/11/2003 Opportunity KnoxJAMES IRVINE-ROBERTSON LOOKS AT HOW THE REFORMATION TOOK SHAPE IN SCOTLAND In Scotland, the Reformation came late and, when it came, Roman Catholicism was replaced by the Protestant faith in a velvet revolution. Throughout much of northern Europe it had been a brutal, bloody affair. In the decades after Martin Luther hammered his 95 theses against the abuse of indulgences... Scottish History from Issue 10 published on 5/9/2003 A man to die and cry forDAVID STEWART WAS AN UNLIKELY HERO – BUT HIS BRAVERY EARNED HIM Short, mild in manner with thick spectacles, David Stewart made an unlikely hero. The younger son of Perthshire laird, he was born in 1772. Both his grandfathers fought at the Battle of Culloden – one was killed – and the young man joined the family regiment, the Black Watch. His fighting career w... Scottish Heroes from Issue 10 published on 5/9/2003 Shaping the modern worldJAMES IRVINE-ROBERTSON EXAMINES THE PROLIFERATION OF GREAT MINDS AND IDEAS DURING THE 18TH-CENTURY ‘SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT’, WHICH HELPED SHAPE THE MODERN WORLD The 17th century was grim in Scotland. Civil wars racked the nation, and it ended with religious fundamentalism, mass starvation, a Dutch king on the throne and virtual bankruptcy. In 1696, an 18 year-old student, Thomas Aitkenhead, declared that theology was “a rhapsody of feigned and ill-invented ... Scottish History from Issue 9 published on 20/7/2003 Unhappy UnionJAMES IRVINE-ROBERTSON LOOKS AT THE MOTIVATIONS BEHIND THE DEEPLY Constitutionally, the British Isles today is a pig’s breakfast. Ireland is an independent nation, except for the north, which, at the time of writing, is ruled by Westminster. So is England. Wales is mostly governed from London, but some internal decisions can be made at the Welsh Assembly in Cardi... Scottish History from Issue 8 published on 17/5/2003 The great romantic heroJAMES IRVINE-ROBERTSON EXAMINES THE LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF A TRULY REMARKABLE SCOT: JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUIS OF MONTROSE Ileave my soul to God, my service to my prince, my goodwill to my friends, my love and charity to you all.” These were the last words of James Graham, Marquis of Montrose, from the scaffold in Edinburgh in 1650. Handsome, honourable, a poet, philosopher, charismatic leader and a natural genius at wa... Scottish Heroes from Issue 8 published on 17/5/2003 Mary Queen of ScotsMARY STEWART WAS BORN INTO CONFLICT AND DIED AS A TRAGIC RESULT OF IT. The House of Stewart provided 14 monarchs for its country. Beginning as stewards to the rulers of Scotland, they became kings of the four nations of the British Isles. The last of the line died a Cardinal in Rome. Two were executed, two were assassinated, one died in battle, one died accidentally, a... Scottish History from Issue 6 published on 6/2/2003 War of IndependenceJAMES IRVINE-ROBERTSON LOOKS AT THE WARS OF INDEPENDENCE WHICH FINALLY SAW AN END TO THREATS ON SCOTLAND’S NATIONHOOD In bed with an elephant – the phrase used by author Ludovic Kennedy to describe Scotland’s relationship with its neighbour to the south. The elephant was never a more awkward bedfellow than during the Wars of Independence which began after the death of Alexander III in 1286. Uniquely in Christendom... Scottish History from Issue 5 published on 4/11/2002 Seeds of the nationJames Irvine-Robertson wades into the ‘exceedingly murky’ history of the pictish peoples, direct predecessors of the men and women who united scotland as a nation People first came to Scotland some 10,000 years ago when the first hunter-gatherers ventured into a landscape still raw from the retreat of the glaciers. To their remote Highland descendants, those early folk from prehistory became the legendary Fingalians who left the land studded with the massive ... Scottish History from Issue 4 published on 9/9/2002 Highlands and lowlifesThe widespread eviction of tenant crofters in the Scottish highlands in the late 18th and 19th centuries transformed the landscape. James Irvine Robertson examines the consequences From the peak of Ben Bragghie in the far north of Scotland, a mighty 100-foot statue stares majestically out across the North Sea. Largely paid for by his sorrowing tenants, it is a memorial raised in 1834 to the first Duke of Sutherland. He invested huge sums of money from one of the greatest fortu... Scottish Shopping from Issue 3 published on 5/7/2002 Gael ForceTake a swift history lesson, from James II to Queen Victoria - and discover the influence of the Jacobites on Scotland's past In 1685, aged 52, James Stuart was crowned king of Great Britain. His father Charles I believed he had a divine right to rule as his fancy dictated. Parliament disagreed, and they went to war. The king lost and was decapitated. Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector and that should have settled t... Scottish Jacobites from Issue 2 published on 5/6/2002 Roman holidayJames Irvine Robertson asks the searching question: 'What have the Romans ever done for us?' The Romans are unique. In the history of mankind no other people have ever been so in advance of their contemporaries that they were able to conquer the known world. From their Mediterranean isthmus, thanks to their astonishing organisation and administration, they created a tightly-controlled empir... Scottish History from Issue 1 published on 5/3/2002 |  | ||||||||||||
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